Opioid crisis: a social and economic issue
From the observation…
Pain is a major social issue requiring the continuous development of new analgesics. With a lack of effective and safe non opioid options for pain management, the use of drugs with opioid based mechanisms of action remains current and associated with numerous adverse effects, including a high risk of substance abuse in some people.
Opioid misuse has developed in recent years, leading to a public health crisis namely “opioid crisis”.
When taken in the prescribed quantities and for a short duration, opioids do not usually result in serious health complications but their use to excess, compulsive intake and prolonged self administration can lead, among others, to tolerance.
…to the bench.
The Morphine induced tolerance assay is widely used for revealing the potency of a new chemical entity to induce a tolerance phenomenon in conscious rats.
The tail flick test is an acute pain model based on the use of a thermal stimulus. Basically, a radiant heat is applied on the tail when the rat feels discomfort, it reacts by a sudden tail movement (tail flick) which automatically stops the stimulation and the timer for the measurement of the animal reaction time (period from the beginning of the stimulation until detection of the response of the animal).
Evaluation of the pharmacological tolerance induced by a chronic
subcutaneous administration of morphine
In the tolerance model this test allows to highlight a pharmacological tolerance evidenced by the decrease of the pain threshold after chronic administration of a new chemical entity.
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